Fire alarm systems are the first line of defense against fire. They are not just a collection of sensors and sirens, but a complex, engineered solution that, to function properly and reliably, must follow a common safety language: international standards. These standards ensure that in the most critical moments, the system not only works, but also acts accurately, quickly and without error.
• NFPA (National Fire Protection Association): Developed by NFPA, this standard is the most comprehensive global reference in the field of fire safety. NFPA 72 is a complete operating manual that covers all stages of the life cycle of a fire alarm system; from design and drawing to installation, inspection, testing and periodic maintenance. This standard specifies at what distances and heights detectors should be installed, what the sound power of the sirens should be, and how the daily, weekly, monthly and annual testing processes should be carried out. Although this is an American standard, it is recognized as the main reference globally due to its accuracy and comprehensiveness.
• EN 54 (European Standards): This set of standards sets out the technical requirements for all components of a fire alarm system. Rather than being a single standard, EN 54 consists of dozens of sub-standards, each dealing with a specific component. For example, EN 54-2 defines the characteristics of control panels, EN 54-7 is for point smoke detectors, and EN 54-20 covers aspirating smoke detectors (ASD). This structure ensures that all system components, regardless of manufacturer, can work together in harmony.
• UL (Underwriters Laboratories): UL is an independent, non-profit organization that tests and certifies safety products. Products that carry the “UL Listed” mark have undergone rigorous safety testing and conform to specific standards. These checks are not a one-time occurrence; UL continually inspects production lines to ensure product quality and safety. The UL mark gives customers confidence in the quality and impartial oversight of the product.
• FM Approvals: This standard is based on the principle that the more fire-resistant a product is and the more effective the fire-fighting system is, the less financial and life-threatening damage it will cause. FM Approvals is an independent global organization that evaluates products and services related to fire prevention and asset protection in industrial and commercial environments. The organization is part of FM Global Insurance Company, one of the largest insurers of industrial and commercial property in the world. The main goal of FM Approvals is to minimize financial and life-threatening damage caused by fire and other natural disasters.
After detecting a fire, the fire alarm system performs two critical actions simultaneously and without delay:
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Ultimately, compliance with international standards is not an additional cost, but a fundamental investment in quality, safety and peace of mind. This compliance is the only way to ensure proper performance and complete fire protection.
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