Positive displacement pumps are generally divided into two categories: rotary pumps and reciprocating pumps. We have previously discussed positive displacement pumps, and specifically rotary pumps, and provided detailed information. So, here we will look at reciprocating pumps, their types, and how this type of water pump works.
It is obvious that a reciprocating pump, like other types of pumps, is used to move fluids from one point to another, and this type of pump is no exception. In fact, since the beginning of history, mankind has always tried to improve its living conditions, and for this reason, scientific and technological advances have made the process of transferring fluids easier for humans and improved the quality of life. But to get more familiar with reciprocating pumps, the question arises as to what type of pumps they are, which we will discuss below.
Imen Datis Asia Technical and Engineering Company is one of the top providers of fire alarm and extinguishing equipment, all types of fire fighting and water supply pumps, etc. in the country, with the aim of increasing safety and protecting people’s lives and property.
As mentioned earlier, reciprocating pumps are known as a type of positive displacement pump. In this type of pump, the energy of the fluid is increased by the pulsating action, which ultimately leads to its displacement. Reciprocating pumps have a variety of applications, as follows:
These pumps are very suitable for cleaning ships, pipes, various types of tanks, condensate pipes and heat exchangers. They are also used in refineries and drilling for oil extraction and play a significant role in the production, disposal and injection processes in refineries. Cleaning machinery is also easily done with the help of these pumps. It is interesting to know that reciprocating pumps are even capable of cleaning sewage lines and sewage treatment systems.
These pumps are very suitable for pumping fluids in the boiler feed pump and can also be used as fire fighting system pumps. In fact, these pumps are used when there is a need to pump a precise amount of fluid or the output pressure or pump head is high. In general, these pumps are widely used in chemical processing, oil and gas production lines, municipal sewage and waste, as well as in water treatment or industrial water.
These pumps operate by the reciprocating motion of a component located inside the cylinder. Depending on the type of reciprocating pump, this component can be a piston, plunger, or diaphragm. As these components move backward, a vacuum is created, which draws fluid into the pump. Then, as this component moves forward in the cylinder, the inlet valve is closed. At this point, the fluid must move toward the outlet valve and be transported out through this path at high pressure. This reciprocating motion is continuously repeated, ultimately resulting in the complete transfer of the fluid to the target point. It should be noted that fluid pumping in all types of reciprocating pumps is done periodically and intermittently.
Reciprocating pumps include various types, including power pumps, direct-acting pumps, diaphragm pumps, and metering pumps. It should be noted that power pumps are themselves divided into subcategories, such as horizontal plunger reciprocating pumps, vertical plunger reciprocating pumps, and horizontal piston reciprocating pumps. Also, direct-acting pumps, which are actually a type of steam pump, include piston pumps and plunger pumps.
The pulsating performance of these pumps has become one of their limitations. The generation of pulses and shocks by reciprocating pumps is a problem that can damage system equipment if the pump is selected incorrectly and the pumping process is designed improperly. For this purpose, pulse attenuators such as volumetric tanks, orifices or shock tanks are used to reduce pulses and shocks.
If properly maintained, reciprocating pumps can operate for years without problems, but lack of proper maintenance can lead to wear and tear and even breakage. Also, as mentioned earlier, reciprocating pumps are used as a type of fixed displacement pump for pumping fluids with low flow rates and high discharge pressures, and any application outside this range can damage them.
The component used in this category is a piston. Since piston pump products are capable of delivering very high pressures, they are commonly used in applications where increased pressure is required, such as car washes and industrial washing systems.
This model is actually a subset of piston pumps, except that it uses a plunger instead of a piston. This change in components has allowed plunger pumps to produce more pressure than piston types. Also, plunger models have the ability to adjust the flow rate.
The components of diaphragm reciprocating pumps include a connecting rod, an adjustable bypass valve, hydraulic fluid, a plunger, a diaphragm, and two inlet and outlet valves. The diaphragm’s function is to separate the process fluid from the pump’s auxiliary fluid. In fact, the auxiliary fluid acts as a medium for the pump and is able to transfer the plunger force to the diaphragm. It should also be noted that the diaphragm has the same contact surface with both the process and auxiliary fluids.
Fluid pumping is based on the principles of fluid mechanics when the pressure in the two fluids is different. In other words, the pumping process begins when the pressure of the auxiliary fluid is slightly higher than the pressure of the process fluid. Diaphragm pumps are one of the types of pumps suitable for the refining and petrochemical industries and are especially useful for pumping fluids with a specific and accurate flow rate.
It should be noted that in all cases, an auxiliary fluid is not used for pumping; in some cases, the power transmission rod is directly connected to the diaphragm and the pumping process is initiated by the movement of the rod.
Except for the part that has a reciprocating motion, the other components of these pumps are the same. After mentioning this variable part, the other components of the reciprocating pump that are the same in all models are discussed below.
Given the variety of models of these products and the fact that each has its own unique features, it is obvious that they can be used in a variety of cases. Below are some of the most important applications of these pumps.
Reciprocating and centrifugal pumps fall into two different categories; the former is classified as positive displacement pumps and the latter as dynamic pumps. Given this difference, it is easy to compare these two types of pumps.
Reciprocating pumps have a more complex manufacturing process and are capable of generating high discharge pressures. They also have built-in pressure relief valves for self-protection, pulsed flow, and continuous pumping. In some cases, they require priming and have a high initial cost. These pumps are highly efficient and save on electricity, but require more maintenance and are suitable for clean fluids, free of suspended particles and abrasive chemicals.
On the other hand, centrifugal pumps, which include centrifugal pumps, high-pressure pumps and submersible pumps, have a simpler structure and a low to medium pump head. These types of pumps do not require a pressure relief valve and discharge the fluid smoothly. The fluid pumping in these pumps is variable and usually does not require priming. Their initial cost is lower, but they are less efficient and require more electrical power and electricity consumption. Also, these pumps require less maintenance and are suitable for clean fluids, fluids containing solids, sewage and oil.
Imen Datis Asia Company, as a company approved by the fire department, in addition to consulting in order to obtain fire department approval, is an importer and supplier of all types of fire equipment, including fire pumps, fire valves, fire alarm and extinguishing equipment, and all types of fire sprinklers. It is one of the best and most reliable domestic and foreign brands.
For more information and price inquiries, please contact our experts.
The price of reciprocating pumps, like all types of pumps, depends on the pump flow rate and head, pump size, pump brand, pump material, etc., and given the price changes in today’s economy, you should be careful when choosing and purchasing a reciprocating pump according to your needs.
The precise flow rate or flow rate when the fluid exits the pump, its continuous and constant discharge or pumping, along with the ability to pump fluid with high head and reduced electricity consumption are among the advantages of reciprocating pumps.
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