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Rotor and its precise application: Electric motors and generators usually consist of two main and important parts called stator and rotor. The difference between the two lies in their function and characteristics. The stator is the stationary and passive part of the motor, while the rotor acts as the rotating and moving part of the motor.
Imen Datis Asia Technical and Engineering Company is one of the top providers of fire alarm and extinguishing equipment, all types of fire fighting and water supply pumps, etc. in the country, with the aim of increasing safety and protecting people’s lives and property.
There are various types of rotors that are selected and used according to their structure and type of application. This topic is fully explained in this article presented by Shahbaz Motor.
In general, AC motors are classified into two main groups: synchronous and induction. Each of these groups has its own rotors, each of which will be discussed and explained below.
A salient pole rotor is a type of rotor used in synchronous motors, generators, and alternators. These rotors are designed with large magnets whose poles are made of steel sheets. In this design, the poles are placed on the outside of the rotor core.
Salient pole rotors have a large diameter and a shorter length. These characteristics have made them widely used in low-speed electrical machines (between 100 and 1500 rpm). To control oscillations during operation, these rotors are usually equipped with a damping coil.
The main application of these rotors is in hydropower plants, where their unique capabilities and features are well exploited.
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A cylindrical rotor, also known as a non-salient rotor, is a type of rotor designed for synchronous motors. These rotors are made from a solid steel shaft. Direct current (DC) is transmitted from an external source to slip rings that are connected to brushes. This process creates electrical connections in the rotor. Also, by using a rectifier, it is possible to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) without the need for brushes.
Due to its special structure, the cylindrical rotor is mostly used in high power and high speed applications (unlike salient pole rotors). For example, in electric motors designed to transmit speed to industrial gearboxes for speed reduction, the cylindrical rotor plays a fundamental role. This type of rotor with 2 or 4 poles is capable of generating speeds equivalent to 3600 or 1800 rpm.
The number of revolutions that the rotor makes in an electric motor is one of the key factors affecting the price of an electric motor.
The squirrel cage rotor is a type of induction rotor. The structure of this rotor is designed in a way that is very similar to a squirrel cage. It looks like a cylinder with rods made of conductive material embedded inside. These rods extend from both ends of the cylinder and are connected to the shorting rings.
This special design makes the squirrel cage rotor perform efficiently and reliably in induction motors.
The wound rotor, which falls under the category of induction rotors, is known for its coil-like structure of windings. These coils are placed in grooves designed on the cylindrical body of the rotor. Slip rings along with brushes are installed on the shaft of this type of rotor.
These rotors have the ability to generate significant torque by connecting an external resistance to the rotor circuit. One of the outstanding features of the wound rotor compared to the squirrel cage rotor is the ability to adjust the speed and torque of the motor by changing the external resistance. This feature provides more precise control over the operation of induction motors.
To better understand the difference between armature and rotor, we must first examine the concept of armature.
The armature is a fundamental component in electrical machines such as electric motors or generators. It is responsible for the movement of alternating current (AC). The armature structure contains a coil, which is a set of conductive wires wound in a spiral around a steel core to transmit the current.
To better understand the concept of a stator and its introduction, we can say that the stator is a hollow cylinder made up of several metal layers and acts as a fixed part in an electric motor. Inside the stator, the rotor moves, and this rotation leads to the generation of energy and the movement of the motor.
On the metal layers, there are grooves with coils embedded in them. These coils, also known as coils, create a magnetic field with the cores placed inside them.
The stator windings are directly connected to the electrical power source and produce a rotating magnetic field when alternating current (AC) is passed through them. Generally, the stator acts as a fixed part in an electric motor and consists of several coils. When alternating current is applied to it, its polarity changes, creating a rotating magnetic field. This process transfers energy through the copper wires and performs the main function of the stator.
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A commutator is a device used to transfer and change the direction of current in electric motors. By changing the direction of the current, this device provides the necessary torque to rotate the armature. This feature helps rotating electrical appliances such as electric mixers, washing machines, fans, and other machines equipped with direct motors to produce the torque they need and operate properly.
Imen Datis Asia Company, relying on up-to-date knowledge, continuous activity and cooperation with highly specialized forces, is now recognized as one of the leading private sector companies in the field of safety and fire fighting industry. This company is always trying to continuously and dynamically play a role in expanding the safety and fire fighting infrastructure of our beloved country of Iran and take great steps towards achieving goals such as the development and industrialization of new technologies.
