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What is a ruptured disc or a burst disc?

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A rupture disk is an important piece of equipment in the oil and gas industry’s reservoir safety. Sometimes known as a bursting disk, it is used as a safety device to control pressure in enclosed facilities and pressure vessels.

Pressure equipment is a vital part of most industries and process systems. However, this equipment always faces challenges such as sudden changes in fluid pressure and vacuum caused by sudden shocks. For this reason, ensuring the safety of pressure equipment in process spaces is essential and various types of rupture discs have been designed for this purpose. These burst discs, installed on tanks, make the process conditions of pressure systems safer and prevent the occurrence of dangerous and critical flows.

Imen Datis Asia Technical and Engineering Company is one of the top suppliers of fire alarm and extinguishing equipment, fire fighting and water supply pumps, pumps and industrial equipment in the country, with the aim of increasing safety, it pays from the most reliable domestic and international brands at reasonable prices.

What is a ruptured disc?

A rupture disk, also known as a bursting disk or bursting diaphragm, is a pressure control device designed to provide safety in pressure vessels. Various types of these disks can be used to protect any type of pressurized system. In general, for process systems that are susceptible to very high pressure or sudden vacuum, a rupture disk can be used to increase the safety factor.

These discs are installed on the body of pressure vessels and equipment and have a bursting function that helps increase safety against sudden pressure surges. Rupture discs act as safety devices alongside safety valves.

Pressure Safety Valves are the main safety devices in pressure vessels, while rupture discs are installed as a supplement to these valves. In other words, as long as the safety valves are working properly, the rupture discs will not be activated. However, these discs act as a safety cover to prevent critical conditions from occurring in the system if the safety valves fail.

Safety valves have a set point. When the pressure inside the tank or any process system exceeds this point, these valves are activated and prevent the tank from bursting by discharging the fluid. However, in case of failure or wear of the safety valves, these valves may not be able to react in time, resulting in the risk of increasing the tank pressure. In such situations, the rupture disk can act as a solution to overcome the critical situation.

How does a ruptured disc work?

Rupture discs operate in a variety of ways. Some have special grooves or cuts, while others are activated by hitting a blade. The basic operation of a rupture disc is based on the rupture of a diaphragm when a certain stress limit is reached. When the pressure inside the tank exceeds the allowable limit, the stress caused by the pressure on the surface of the rupture disc causes it to rupture, thus rapidly reducing the pressure inside the tank and relieving the stress on it.

Rupture discs are designed based on the mechanical properties of the materials, which means they perform very accurately and reliably. There are various solutions to maintain this reliability in corrosive environments.

One way to prevent the diaphragm from coming into contact with corrosive environments is to use a layer of Teflon film. This corrosion-resistant layer prevents materials from coming into contact with the diaphragm.

Another method involves the use of corrosion-resistant materials such as nickel, Monel, and Inconel. Note that this method is also used for safety valves, but due to the high weight of safety valves, there is a significant cost difference between a rupture disk and a safety valve of the same material.

Types of disc rupture

Direct disc rupture

Straight-type rupture discs, designed based on tensile stress, are widely used. This model is usually used for simple applications and medium to high pressures and is installed on equipment such as pumps and in the petrochemical and chemical industries.

Reverse disc rupture

These types of discs are designed based on compressive stress and are capable of withstanding higher operating pressures. Reverse rupture discs perform well in high-pressure environments and processes where the fluid is single-phase or two-phase.

Domed multilayer disc rupture

Rupture domed multilayer discs are suitable for medium to low working pressures, and their resistance to corrosive fluids makes them a suitable option for installation in corrosive systems.

Flat multilayer disc rupture

These discs are installed in systems where the working fluid is corrosive and requires lower operating pressure.

Low-pressure disc rupture

This type of disc is used in very low pressure processes, such as 100 mmAq (equivalent to 0.0098 bar).

Graffiti Disk Rapture

The graphite disc rupture disc is made of a graphite plate impregnated with phenolic resin and is highly reliable for corrosive environments due to its design and materials used.

Dual-function disc rupture

Dual-action discs are used in processes that are sensitive to pressure increases. These discs are commonly used in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries and are designed for very low pressures.

Rupture Disc Fitting

These types of discs are designed to fit in drill pipes. In oil well drilling, there is a possibility of pressure surges which can damage the drilling equipment. Therefore, rupture disc fittings are installed on these equipment to prevent excess pressure.

Diaphragm material, design, types of ruptured discs

The material of the disc design depends on the type of fluid in the process as well as its control and pressure relief range. Industrial fluids have different properties, especially since many of them are corrosive. For this reason, granite plates are used to design rupture discs in such processes.

In addition to the type of fluid, its pressure and temperature must also be considered. Analyzing the ability of the disc to withstand stresses caused by changes in pressure and temperature is of great importance and these factors affect the application of the rupture disc. The choice of material for bursting discs is influenced by three key factors: the type of fluid, the rate of pressure change and the temperature. The main materials for the design of rupture disc diaphragms include:

– Stainless Steel
– Carbon Steel
– Granite
– Hastelloy
– Aluminum
– Nickel
– Monel
– Tantalum

Rupture discs are commonly sold in all of these materials, and their selection depends on the type of fluid and pressure present in the process. The best rupture discs usually feature specialized diaphragms for conveying specific industrial fluids.

Types of Rupture Disc Diaphragm Design Methods

The design of rupture disc diaphragms varies depending on the type of function and pressure they must withstand. These diaphragms are designed to be convex or concave.

Convex Diaphragm Rupture Disc: These types of diaphragms are direct acting and operate based on the tensile stress applied to the diaphragm. Fluid pressure builds up in the convex space of the diaphragm and causes it to rupture. Cross-groove lines are usually used to facilitate this rupture. These diaphragms are generally suitable for low pressure systems.

Rupture Disc with Concave Diaphragm: Concave diaphragms have the opposite function and operate based on the compressive stress or maximum compressive strength of the diaphragm. These types of diaphragms are used in process systems with very high pressures.

Both types of diaphragms are common in practice. Rupture discs with convex diaphragms are more commonly used in low-pressure systems or small equipment, while discs with concave diaphragms are more common in large system designs where sudden pressure surges are likely to occur.

Imen Datis Asia Company, as a company approved by the firefighting organization, in addition to consulting for obtaining firefighting approval, is an importer and supplier of all types of firefighting equipment, including firefighting pumps, firefighting valves, fire alarm and extinguishing equipment, and all types of industrial equipment from the best And it is the most reliable domestic and foreign brands.

For more information and price inquiries, please contact our experts.

Uses and applications of ruptured disc

From a general perspective, rupture discs are designed as safety and protection devices to ensure the safety of pressurized systems. These bursting discs help control the pressure in tanks and their applications can be categorized as follows:

Liquid and gas transportation industries: In these industries, various types of rupture discs are used to protect containers, transmission lines, compressors, transportation tanks, pipes, and tanks.

Chemical Industry: Rupture discs are a key safety device in the design of chemical process systems. Regulating the system pressure in these processes is critical to ensure proper chemical process operation. Inverted discs are used to maintain pressure close to design level.

Refineries: In refineries, pressure vessels play a key role. Oil storage tanks are among the most important safety equipment, and the use of rupture discs helps reduce the costs of designing safety systems in petrochemical and refinery plants.

Food Industry: Pressure control is essential in food processing and cooking. Rupture discs are an effective tool for pressure management in these low-pressure processes.

Powder Storage: In powder storage tanks operating at atmospheric pressure, rupture discs can be used to increase safety.

Container tanks and condensers: These tanks are designed to move liquid and gaseous fluids and usually use special explosive diaphragms.

In addition to these, rupture discs are also used in pressure control in pharmaceutical processes, chiller design, aerospace industries, and particle collection systems.

Introducing the features of Rupture Disk

Although the design and materials used to make rupture discs vary greatly, their operating principles are similar and they have almost identical technical and functional features. Some of the salient features of these discs include:

Using high-quality and special materials in their design.
High manufacturing precision that allows for accurate detection of critical pressure.
Uniform discharge of material after blasting operation.
High speed in reaching nominal capacity.
Ability to adapt to a variety of environmental conditions, corrosive fluids, and different temperatures.
No leakage until the explosive action.
Improving the lifespan and performance of safety valves.
Positive impact on increasing intervals between system overhauls.
Simple design that facilitates the implementation of systems and reduces process design costs.

Industrial equipment

Rapture Disk Price

To inquire about the price of this product, please contact our experts in the company’s commercial unit.

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